Meckel-Gruber syndrome is rare
characterized by
u renal dysplasia (Enlarged, echogenic kidneys
due to polycystic disease)
u limb anomalies (polydactyly)
u occipital encephalocele
MECKEL-GRUBER SYNDROME
Description
Meckel-Gruber syndrome is rare and characterized by
renal dysplasia, limb anomalies, and encephalocele. 16 It
occurs in 0.07 to 0.7 in 10,000 births, except in Finland,
where the reported incidence is 1.1 in 10,000. 3 There is
a 1:1 ratio in males to females. 40
Lab Values
There are no specifi c lab values to identify this syndrome;
however, the presence of an encephalocele or
other spinal defect could result in a high AFP.
Genetics
This disorder has a link to multiple chromosomes and
is autosomal recessive. 3,21,40 Chromosome 17q22 16 contains
the Meckel syndrome type 1 (MKS1) gene, which
produces the protein required for primary cilium development
of the ciliated epithelial cells. 21 Defects of MKS1
result in central nervous system anomalies, usually an
encephalocele, cysts, and hepatic ductal dysplasia, plus
polydactaly. 21 Other genes linked to this syndrome include
CC2D2A, TMEM67, RPGRIP1L, and 11q. 16,21,40
Sonographic Findings
Enlarged, echogenic kidneys due to polycystic disease,
polydactyly, and an occipital encephalocele 3 are the classic
fi ndings of Meckel-Gruber syndrome. 16 Oligohydramnios
is a often seen as a result of inadequate urine production.
Postaxial polydactyly may also be observed, as well as
Dandy–Walker syndrome (Fig. 28-17). 16
Prognosis
Affected individuals seldom survive more than a few
days because of renal malformations.
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