Abdomen

Abdomen Outline
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 Abdomen

I. Liver (16%-24%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Parenchymal disease

1. Focal and Diffuse abnormalities
2. Acute and Chronic processes

F. Masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Cysts

1. Simple and Complex
2. Benign and Malignant

H. Infection

Focal and Diffuse abnormalities

I. Hematomas
J. Liver transplants

Pre-surgical and Post-surgical evaluation

II. Gallbladder and Biliary Tree (10%-18%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Biliary dilatation
F. Masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Cholelithiasis-choledocholithiasis
H. Cholecystitis (Acute and Chronic)

III. Pancreas (6%-14%

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Parenchymal disease

1. Focal and Diffuse abnormalities
2. Acute and Chronic processes

F. Masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Cysts

Simple and Complex, including Pseudocysts

IV. Kidneys and Urinary Tract (16%-24%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Renal Parenchymal Disease

1. Focal and Diffuse abnormalities
2. Chronic and Acute processes

F. Masses

Benign and Malignant, including Pseudomasses

G. Cysts

1. Simple and complex
2. Benign and Malignant

H. Infection
I. Hematomas
J. Calculi
K. Urinary tract obstruction
L. Ischemia
M. Anomalies
N. Kidney Transplants

Pre-surgical and Post-surgical evaluation

O. Urinary Bladder

Masses, Calculi, and Inflammatory processes (including evaluation of the ureters, urethra, and urachal anomalies)

V. Scrotum (3%-7%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Parenchymal Disease

1. Focal and Diffuse abnormalities
2. Chronic and Acute processes, including Testicular Torsion

F. Masses

Benign and Malignant, including Cryptorchidism

G. Cysts and Fluid Collections

Acute and Chronic

H. Infection

Acute and Chronic

I. Hematoma

VI. Prostate (1%-2%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Parenchymal Disease

1. Diffuse and Focal abnormalities
2. Acute and Chronic processes

F. Masses
G. Cysts
H. Infection

VII. Spleen (1%-5%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Parenchymal Disease

Focal and Diffuse abnormalities

F. Masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Cysts
H. Infection
I. Hematoma
J. Infarction

VIII. Retroperitoneum (3%-7%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Masses and Lymphdenopathy

Benign and Malignant

F. Hematoma
G. Adrenal Gland

1. Normal sonographic appearance
2. Benign and Malignant abnormalities

IX. Abdominal Vascular (7%-15%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique (including Color Doppler, Power Doppler and duplex Doppler)
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Aneurysm
F. Thrombosis (including Portal Vein, Splenic Vein and Renal Vein Thrombosis)
G. Shunts

Arteriovenous, Porto-systemic, Surgical and Radiological

H. Doppler Spectral Waveform Analysis (including Stenosis, Thrombosis, Portal Hypertension, and Direction of flow)
I. Color Doppler and Power Doppler (including Stenosis, Thrombosis, Portal Hypertension, and Direction of flow)

X. Gastrointestinal Tract (1%-5%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Infection (including Acute Appendicitis and Abscess)
F. Masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Obstruction

Small Bowel and Colon obstruction

H. Hernia
I. Peritoneal Fluid (including Inflammatory Fluid Collections)

XI. Neck (1%-3%)

A. Anatomy
B. Technique
C. Laboratory values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Thyroid parenchymal disease

1. Focal and Diffuse abnormalities
2. Chronic and Acute processes

F. Thyroid masses

Benign and Malignant

G. Thyroid cysts

1. Simple and Complex
2. Benign and Malignant

H. Parathyroid masses
I. Infection
J. Lymph nodes

Benign and Malignant

K. Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein

Including Sonographic Identification

XII. Abdominal wall, superficial and muscular structures(1%-5%)

A. Anatomy
B. Techniques
C. Laboratory Values
D. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)
E. Masses
F. Cysts and Fluid Collections
G. Infection
H. Hematomas
I. Vessels (including Iatrogenic Vascular Injuries)
J. Musculoskeletal (including Normal and Ruptured tendons, such as Patellar and Achilles tendons, and Foreign Bodies)
K. Non-echocardiography Chest (including Pleural and Pericardial Effusions and Masses)

XIII. Instrumentation (1%-2%)

A. Techniques
B. Transducers
C. Machine settings
D. Image recording
E. Artifacts
F. Quality Assurance
G. Harmonic Imaging

1. Physics and clinical applications

XIV. Invasive Procedures (1%-2%)

A. Pre-procedure preparation (including Informed Consent and Procedure set up)
B. Procedural related issues
C. Indications (including clinical symptoms, clinical correlation and associated complications)

Sample Questions