Multiple births have increased dramatically in the last
decade, currently accounting for approximately 3% of
all live births. 1–2 Two primary factors have contributed
to this increase: delayed childbearing and increased utilization
of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). 3
The risk of multiple births in naturally occurring pregnancies
is known to increase with maternal age. Additionally,
the need for utilizing ART also increases as
women age.
The occurrence rate of triplet and higher-order multiple
pregnancies also increased secondary to ART until
the late 1990s, but has since begun to stabilize. 4–5
This stabilization may be secondary to stricter guidelines
regarding the number of embryos transferred during
an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure.
Ultrasound plays an important role in monitoring
multiple-gestation pregnancies, including determining
amnionicity and chorionicity, identifying fetal anomalies,
and evaluating growth throughout gestation. Ultrasound
is also commonly used to guide various
procedures that may be warranted when an in utero
abnormality is detected in a multiple gestation.
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