bacteria liver abscess

A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia.
Pyogenic liver abscess

Liver abscess; Bacterial liver abscess
Last reviewed: September 15, 2010.
Pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled area in the liver.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
There are many potential causes of liver abscesses, including:
Abdominal infection such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or a perforated bowel
Infection in the blood
Infection of the bile draining tubes
Recent endoscopy of the bile draining tubes
Trauma that damages the liver
The most common bacteria that cause liver abscesses are:
Bacteroides
Enterococcus
Escherichia coli

Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
In most cases, more than one type of bacteria is found.
Symptoms
Clay-colored stool
Dark urine
Fever, chills
Loss of appetite

Nausea, vomiting
Pain in right upper abdomen (more common) or throughout the abdomen (less common)
Unintentional weight loss

Weakness

Yellow skin (jaundice)
Signs and tests
Tests may include:
Abdominal CT scan

Abdominal ultrasound

Bilirubin blood test
Blood culture for bacteria
Complete blood count (CBC)
Liver biopsy

Liver function tests

White blood cell count

Treatment
Treatment usually consists of surgery or going through the skin with a needle or tube to drain the abscess. You will also receive antibiotics for about 4 - 6 weeks. Sometimes antibiotics alone can cure the infection.
Expectations (prognosis)
This condition can be life threatening some patients. The risk for death is higher in people who have many liver abscesses.
Complications
Life-threatening sepsis can develop.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if you have:
Any symptoms of this disorder
Severe abdominal pain
Confusion or decreased consciousness
Persistent high fever
Other new symptoms during or after treatment
Prevention
Prompt treatment of abdominal and other infections may reduce the risk of developing a liver abscess. Many cases are not preventable.
References
Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Bacterial, parasitic, fungal and granulomatous liver diseases. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 155.
Review Date: 9/15/2010.
Reviewed by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.


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